AR and posterior cortical atrophy: We studied three different PCa cell lines: (1) LNCaP cells, which express prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and partially express AR during high proliferation, and whose biological behavior is most similar to the majority of newly diagnosed PCa cases [23,24]; (2) PC3 cells, which do not express AR or PSA, are androgen-independent [24,25], and exhibit highly aggressive behavior, which is consistent with the biological behavior of advanced or treatment-resistant PCa; and (3) AR-positive 22rv1.