TXN and liver dysplastic nodule: Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is induced by high glucose and promotes oxidative stress by inhibiting thioredoxin. TXNIP knockdown disrupts EMT, reduces ROS, and inhibits mTOR pathway. In diabetic mice, TXNIP deficiency alleviates renal damage, and its expression correlates with mTOR activation in DN biopsies.