TXNIP and Hyperglycemia: TXNIP links hyperglycemia to oxidative stress and EMT/mTOR activation; EGFR signaling increases Rubicon and suppresses autophagy; ERK/VEGF activation is evident in human diabetic podocytes; ROCK and HDAC4 → calcineurin promote cytoskeletal instability and apoptosis; and inflammasome/complement pathways propagate mitochondrial and actin injury [13,21,84,88,92,93,155].