However, dietary bioactive compounds such as capsaicin, polyphenols, manganese, and β-carotene exert antiproliferative effects, potentially inhibiting inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, CASP3), reducing pro-tumorigenic signals, and regulating autophagy, thereby limiting HCC progression [31,104,105,106,107]. Here, CASP3 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.