Abbreviations: APS-1, autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1; AIRE, autoimmune regulatory gene; IL, interleukin; IFN, interferon; CMC, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; EphA2, ephrin type-A receptor 2; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; TP53, tumor protein p53; CDKN2A, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16INK4a); SCC, squamous cell carcinoma. The gene discussed is AIRE; the disease is autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1.