In one study, administration of butyrate-producing bacteria (Clostridium butyricum) directly into the stomachs of APP/PS1 mice mitigated cognitive decline, reduced Aβ plaque accumulation, and decreased microglial activation, along with lower production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) in the brain [121]. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is Mental deterioration.