The ccfDNA quantity, calculated from both EEF1A2 and ESR1, was also significantly higher in the PCa group compared to BPH (ccfDNA ng/mL from EEF1A2 PCa vs. BPH: median 6.35 vs. 3.97, p-value: 0.017; ccfDNA ng/mL from ESR1 PCa vs. BPH: median 6.85 vs. 4.45, p-value: 0.024) (Table 4). Here, ESR1 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.