TNF and infection: In anti–TNF-α studies (Abraham et al. [57], Abraham et al. [58], Cohen et al. [73], Dhainaut et al. [74], Gallagher et al. [62], Konrad et al. [75], Morris et al. [66], Panacek et al. [67], Reinhart et al. [76], Rice et al. [68]), rates of serious adverse events were comparable between antibody and placebo arms, with no increase in secondary infections, bleeding, or organ toxicity.