TNF and Sepsis: Abraham et al. [57] documented a mean APACHE II score reduction of 2.1 points by day 5 in the anti–TNF-α arm versus 1.3 points in placebo (p = 0.09), while Cohen et al. [73] observed a parallel APACHE II decrease (−3.0 vs. −1.8; p = 0.07) and a modest Sepsis Score improvement (mean Δ −1.2 vs. −0.5; p = 0.08).