Higher selenium levels have been associated with a lower prevalence of depression, likely through mechanisms such as antioxidant effects, reducing malondialdehyde levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative damage, as well as anti-inflammatory effects, modulating dopamine and norepinephrine secretion, and also suppressing microglial activation [97]. This evidence concerns the gene ACHE and depressive symptom measurement.