TGFB1 and premenstrual tension: The present review advances beyond recent syntheses on glial pathology in PMS by integrating cytokine signaling networks—including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β, and GM-CSF—with key metabolic and structural processes such as mitochondrial dysfunction, iron dysregulation, and autophagy failure into a unified framework of disease progression [6,9].