TGFB1 and premenstrual tension: This review builds on previous work by linking cytokine signaling (including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β, and GM-CSF) with core metabolic and structural changes such as mitochondrial dysfunction, iron dysregulation, and autophagy failure to present a comprehensive model of disease progression in PMS [6,9].