IRF1 and neoplasm: Further, lycopene has been shown to elevate levels of IFN-β, IFN-γ, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), IRF7, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligands 9 and 10 (CXCL9 and CXCL10), while reducing levels of IL-4, IL-10, DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3a), and methylation of IRF1 and IRF7 promoters, leading to a decrease in tumor volume in C57BL/6 mice after 40 mg/kg per day supplementation [59].