MAPK3 and neoplasm: In addition, ROS promote molecular pathways (i.e., ERK1/2, NF-ĸB, c-SRC, PIK3/AKT, MMP, and RHO-RAC) are involved in tumor aggressiveness and progression by affecting the regulation of apoptosis, In addition, ROS promote molecular pathways (i.e., ERK1/2, NF-ĸB, c-SRC, PIK3/AKT, MMP, and RHO-RAC) involved in tumor aggressiveness and progression by affecting the regulation of apoptosis, and the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells [22].