Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses further demonstrate that key components of MLSG (such as nuciferine, andrographolide, and liquidambaric acid) exert multi-target regulatory effects on T2DM by interacting with critical targets, such as AKT1 and PIK3CA, and modulating key signaling pathways, such as PI3K-Akt and AGE-RAGE. Here, PIK3CA is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.