Here we found that MnE and MnBuOE decreased the cystine/cysteine ratio only in control fly brains, which may result from MnE/MnBuOE-driven increase in antioxidant enzyme expression via Nrf2 pathway activation as reported in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells and ovarian cancer cells (Figure 2B) [54,55]. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and ovarian carcinoma.