HLA-C and neoplasm: While immunohistochemistry or next-generation sequencing (NGS) data can help identify candidate proteins, and in silico prediction algorithms such as NET-MHC can predict if epitopes derived from them can bind common HLA molecules, there is an increasing appreciation for the need to empirically verify the presence of tumor antigen pHLA on the surface of tumor cells using immunopeptidomics [64,67].