These genes were further subjected to LASSO-penalized Cox regression (Figure 1d,e) and multivariate Cox regression, yielding 5 final genes—IFI27, KIF20A, KLK10, SPINK7, and TOP2A (Figure S3)—all of which exhibited higher expression levels in PAAD tissues compared to normal pancreatic tissues. Here, TOP2A is linked to pancreatic adenocarcinoma.