Although methods to therapeutically induce TLS formation in pancreatic cancer are still under investigation, preclinical studies in other tumor models have shown that TLS-like structures can be promoted by local delivery of lymphoid chemokines such as CCL19, CCL21, and CXCL13 [32], or by activation of the lymphotoxin β receptor pathway [2]. Here, CXCL13 is linked to neoplasm.