Preclinical evidence (murine 4T1/4T07 breast cancer models) demonstrates that IF reduces splenic accumulation of granulocytic MDSCs (CD11b+ CD33+ HLA-DR−/low CD15+) via CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4) downregulation and metabolic stress-induced apoptosis [18]. Here, CXCR4 is linked to breast carcinoma.