For example, in neuronal PC12 cells, Activin A regulates autophagy by inhibiting JNK and p38-MAPK pathways [36]; in cerebral ischemia models, it reduces neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting JNK/p38-MAPK [37]; in K562 cells, it regulates autophagy by inhibiting ERK pathway and activating PI3K-AKT [38]. Here, AKT1 is linked to Cerebral ischemia.