Inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, have been quantified in the CSF as indicators of neuro-immunomodulatory alterations associated with AD pathogenesis; however, AD-related neuroinflammation involves an intricate web of immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines, making it challenging to pinpoint a single or consistent pattern that correlates with disease stage or severity. Here, TNF is linked to Alzheimer disease.