While urolithin A has shown promise as treatment for improving motor dysfunction by activating mitophagy [227], rapamycin, which also increases mitophagy by inhibiting mTOR, only showed positive effects in decreasing neuroinflammation in clinical studies, even though preclinical studies have shown reduced TDP-43 aggregation and improved motor neuron function in ALS [228]. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.