Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of PANoptosis-related markers, including AIM2, Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1), pyrin, caspase-1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), caspase-3, caspase-8, mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), and RIPK3, were considerably elevated in the myocardium of DCM mice compared with controls, while exercise training effectively suppressed their expression (Figure 5C–L). Here, RIPK3 is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.