MLKL and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of PANoptosis-related markers, including AIM2, Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1), pyrin, caspase-1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), caspase-3, caspase-8, mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), and RIPK3, were considerably elevated in the myocardium of DCM mice compared with controls, while exercise training effectively suppressed their expression (Figure 5C–L).