CASP3 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: We observed a marked increase in TUNEL-positive cardiomyocytes in DCM mice, accompanied by upregulation of PANoptosis-associated sensors (AIM2, ZBP1, and pyrin), apoptotic markers (caspase-3 and caspase-8), pyroptotic mediators (caspase-1 and GSDMD), and necroptotic effectors (RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL).