In mouse colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), berberine (Figure 1b) treatment reduced colonic inflammation by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and signaling—for instance, it inhibited the activation of NF-κB p65 and MAPK pathways in macrophages, leading to the decreased production of inflammatory mediators [13]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to colitis.