These results indicate that oleuropein targets FAP-α to inhibit fibroblast activation via the TGF-β1/Smad pathway, while also enhancing autophagy and apoptosis in fibroblasts through FAP-α’s action on the TGF-β1/mTOR pathway, thereby exerting its anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis.