INS and Insulin resistance: Such age-related risk of diabetes has been attributed to insulin resistance caused by cellular changes (e.g., increased oxidative stress, systemic low-grade inflammation, and cellular senescence), body composition changes (e.g., increased abdominal fat and decreased lean muscle mass), and age-related physiological changes (e.g., reduced insulin sensitivity, lower pancreatic beta cell efficiency, and sarcopenia) [8,9,10].