EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Based on the prediction from KEGG enrichment analysis in Section 3.3.2, which suggested that IPTF may inhibit non-small cell lung cancer progression by regulating the PI3K/AKT and EGFR-MAPK signaling pathways, this study used GAPDH as an internal reference and validated this mechanistic hypothesis via Western blotting, with the results shown in Figure 8.