Based on the prediction from KEGG enrichment analysis in Section 3.3.2, which suggested that IPTF may inhibit non-small cell lung cancer progression by regulating the PI3K/AKT and EGFR-MAPK signaling pathways, this study used GAPDH as an internal reference and validated this mechanistic hypothesis via Western blotting, with the results shown in Figure 8. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.