Studies demonstrate that T3 inhibits pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and promotes their growth and proliferation by modulating the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the pro-apoptotic proteins Caspase-3 and Bax, thereby counteracting diabetes induced by streptozotocin and hydrogen peroxide [35,38]. The gene discussed is BCL2; the disease is diabetes mellitus.