Notably, KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the 164 common genes were enriched in 23 pathways (p < 0.05) (Figure 2C, Table S3), with the IL-17 signaling pathway standing out as a core intersectional pathway—directly relevant to the pathological progression of both pediatric sepsis and relapsed B-ALL and have been well documented to drive immunopathology, autoimmune disease, and cancer progression [26,27]. This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and autoimmune disease.