Whereas PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways are downstream of TLR/MyD88 [33,34], therefore, we hypothesize that TLR/MyD88 regulates autophagy in IPF through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/mTOR signaling pathways. Here, AKT1 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.