BDNF and diabetes mellitus: A comparison of the signaling cascades in both the DM and NGT groups revealed that the MAPK signaling cascade, the mTOR signaling cascade, TLR signaling, p53 signaling, WNT signaling, and neurotrophin signaling pathways are common pathways between the states of genes that are overexpressed in diabetes patients and the genes that are underexpressed in DM patients compared with NGT patients.