GBP5 and tuberculosis: Further exploration of genes like gbp5, ADM, znf296, klf2, and rgs1, investigating their roles in immune regulation (e.g., NF-κB inhibition, myeloid activation), transcriptional repression (e.g., znf296/klf2 downregulation), macrophage subpopulation imbalance (e.g., rgs1high-ferroptosis link), and pathogen evasion, coupled with multi-cohort validation, will strengthen their application in precision TB diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and development of host-directed therapy.