HSPD1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: This protein has been extensively studied in various pathological contexts, including inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis through Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4-mediated NF-κB activation, infective diseases such as Helicobacter pylori gastritis via bacterial-Hsp60 cross-reactivity, and autoimmune diseases [6,7], including type 1 diabetes mellitus, where anti-Hsp60 antibodies correlate with β-cell destruction.