TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Apart from this, the osteoimmune system demonstrates complex integration with neuroinflammatory processes, exemplified by Th17 TNF-α+ cells that migrate to bone marrow and promote osteoclast progenitor recruitment during inflammatory bowel disease, with T cells mediating crosstalk between inflamed intestinal tissues and bone destruction through paralleled upregulation of TNF-α and RANKL in both gut and bone compartments [134].