WWOX and breast carcinoma: In luminal B breast cancer, we documented that genes including FOXO3 [144], DHFR [145], RAD51 [135], and DHX9 [146] support genomic maintenance by regulating apoptosis and DNA repair mechanisms; however, the protective effects of WWOX in this context can be compromised by dominant-negative truncated protein forms [13], potentially undermining these processes.