To enhance the effectiveness of CAR-T cell therapy in OSCC, further research should focus on developing CAR-T cells that target not only tumor-associated antigens (TAA) but also components of the TME that contribute to immunosuppression, such as macrophages, Tregs, CAFs, and IC molecules such as PD-1 and CTLA-4. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.