PTEN and carcinoma: Although not yet proved in RMS, studies in various other sarcomas and carcinomas have shown that tumor-derived exosomes (vesicles released by cancer cells) containing specific microRNAs (miRNAs), such as miR-10a and miR-21, that target several pathways in MDSCs, like NF-κB and PTEN/PI3K/AKT, which target genes involved in MDSCs, such as RORA and PTEN, thereby enhancing the immunosuppressive capacity of MDSCs within the TME [60].