Immunotherapeutic approaches currently under investigation for RMS include: immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways, CAR-T cell therapy, particularly against tumor antigens such as HER2 and B7-H3, oncolytic virotherapy, which uses engineered viruses to selectively infect and kill tumor cells while stimulating systemic immune responses, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy, aimed at enhancing local immune surveillance and cytotoxic activity, and cancer vaccines designed to elicit immune responses specific to tumor-associated antigens [26,27,28]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.