Median brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) rose progressively from 11.2 pg/mL in VSD to 17.3 pg/mL in TOF and 27.8 pg/mL in Fontan (TOF vs. VSD, p < 0.01; Fontan vs. VSD and Fontan vs. TOF, both p < 0.001). This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and ventricular septal defect.