TGFB1 and asthma: Moreover, in 70 children with asthma, six weeks of inspiratory-muscle training (IMT) (30% of maximal inspiratory pressure, seven days per week) significantly lowered systemic oxidative-stress load, periostin, and TGF-β levels compared with the control group (p < 0.05), while simultaneously boosting inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength and improving spirometric indices to values approaching those of healthy peers; no corresponding changes occurred in controls, confirming IMT as an effective adjunct therapy for dampening inflammation and oxidative stress in pediatric asthma [62].