Furthermore, ICDEGs exhibited significant enrichment in several crucial KEGG pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, cancer-related pathways, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, human cytomegalovirus infection, pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, TNF signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and viral protein-cytokine/cytokine receptor interactions (Fig. 6C, D). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is cancer.