This study was carried out (1) to identify the metabolites of late-pregnancy urine that are independently associated with GDM, (2) to select a metabolite subgroup for a predictive model for the disorder, (3) to compare the predictive accuracy of this late pregnancy algorithm with the model previously established for early pregnancy, and (4) to determine whether the late urinary markers of GDM likely contribute to the late pregnancy decline in insulin sensitivity. Here, INS is linked to gestational diabetes.