GH1 and pituitary gland adenoma: Pituitary tumors, particularly pituitary adenomas, are a diverse group of intracranial neoplasms that often significantly disrupt the endocrine system by altering the secretion of key regulatory hormones such as growth hormone (GH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and prolactin [48,49].