FAP-centered hypotheses include whether fascial and perimysial FAPs (PDGFRα+) expand or adopt MME-positive adipogenic states in proportion to IMAT burden and insulin resistance, and whether macrophage-derived TNF-α versus TGF-β signaling shifts FAP fate toward apoptosis control versus fibrogenic or adipogenic remodeling [92,178]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Insulin resistance.