Multiple studies implicate the MMP pathway: serum TIMP-1 and MMP-8 are elevated in falciparum malaria and TIMP-1 correlates with severity, and in pediatric CM retinal MMP-8 locally co-localizes with fibrinogen leak at sites of sequestration, consistent with endothelial barrier disruption [76,77]. Here, TIMP1 is linked to cutaneous mastocytosis.