AKT1 and dementia: In particular, one of the most important and challenging signaling pathways in this kind of dementia involves the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), components of a complex cell signaling pathway that regulates a wide range of biological processes, including those related to growth, survival, metabolism and response to growth factors and nutrients [21].