CCL2 and neoplasm: This reprogramming enhances the secretion of M1-type chemokines (e.g., CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL10, and CCL22), which in turn promotes the infiltration of various immune cells, including CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and mature dendritic cells (cDCs), into the tumor microenvironment.