MAPK3 and colorectal carcinoma: Below, we discuss each of these findings in the context of the current literature, focusing on the mechanistic sequence PAR-2 → ERK1/2 → pERK → TNF-α → Caspase-8 → Bax/Bcl 2 → Caspase-3 → Apoptosis, and explore the translational implications and future directions of targeting the PAR-2 pathway in CRC.