HAX1 and Friedreich ataxia: Tiano et al. [46], in a comparative microarray study on lymphoblastoid cells from a FRDA patient with GM15850 transfected cells, found ninety-one differentially expressed genes, seven of them downregulated and eighty-four upregulated, the more significant being chromosome 19 open reading frame 12 (C19orf12, downregulated, which causes a form of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation) and HCLS1-associated X-1 (HAX-1, upregulated; HAX-1 mRNA expression and HAX-1 protein levels were correlated with FXN expression).