GPC3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: For instance, methylation signatures or TERT promoter mutations in cfDNA have demonstrated strong diagnostic potential, while serum glypican-3 (GPC3) and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) have been associated with treatment response in HCC (Table S4) [24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32].