MUTYH and cancer: This is suggested by the different MUTYH mutation rate among the two groups (cancer cohort vs. controls) but also by the results of the segregation analysis; in particular, for the two patients with biallelic mutations in MUTYH (patient 1 and patient 2 in Table 1, Figures 1 and 2), we found that their parents both had a family history of cancer even if they were heterozygous carriers of the MUTYH PV observed in their descendants.