LPA and type 2 diabetes mellitus: We did not identify significant differences in the pPGS between healthy individuals and T2D patients, either across the entire cohort or within specific ancestry groups, except for ‘SHBG-LpA’ pPGSs, which showed a 4.64, 95% CI [1.56, 13.77] T2D odds ratio for Chechens (P ≤ 0.05).