Specifically, Yakut T2D patients showed significantly higher pPGS for the Beta Cell 1, Hyper Insulin, and Liver-Lipid clusters compared to other populations (P ≤ 0.05, Mann-Whitney), while the Obesity pPGS (P ≤ 0.05) was lower in the Yakut T2D group. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.