In our study, we first discovered that the levels of NGF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, M-CSF, FGF1, FGF2, Fas-L, and CD137 were significantly elevated post-HSCT, whereas M-CSF, FGF1, Fas-L, and PDGF-CC levels were able to distinguish between patients with and without GVHD after HSCT. The gene discussed is FGF2; the disease is graft versus host disease.